Anemia

Anemia is known to the public as less blood disease. The disease is experienced by vulnerable children, pregnant women, women, and workers in general. There are two types of anemia are known so far is anemic and non-nutrient malnutrition.

Anemia is a state of nutritional anemia due to deficiency of nutrients required for the formation and the production of red blood cells, both the quality and quantity.

Nutritional anemia itself there are several kinds, namely:

1. Iron nutritional anemia, occurs due to insufficient supply of iron (Fe). Iron is the core of the hemoglobin molecule which is a major element in red blood cells. Thus, the supply shortage of iron can lead to decreased production of hemoglobin.
2. Nutritional anemia of vitamin E, vitamin E is an essential factor for red blood cell integrity. Vitamin E deficiency can lead to the integrity of red blood cell walls become weak and not normal so it is very sensitive to hemolysis (rupture of red blood cells)
3. Nutritional anemia folic acid, often referred to as megaloblastic or macrocytic anemia. In this case the state of red blood cells the patient is not normally characterized by larger ones, are few, and not yet mature.
4. Nutritional anemia or vitamin B12 is also called pernicious. Symptoms are similar to symptoms of anemia folic acid, but is accompanied by disturbances in the digestive system inside.
5. Nutritional anemia or vitamin B6 also called siderotic. The situation is similar to iron nutritional anemia, but if the blood were tested in the laboratory, normal serum iron.

Non-nutritional anemia can occur due to bleeding, such as injuries due to accidents, menstruation, or blood diseases like thalassemia genetic (DNA damage), hemophilia (blood clotting disorder), and others.

Signs

• Experiencing 4 L (weak, lethargic, tired, and tired).
• Pale face.
• Limbs such as hands and feet feel numb.
• Eyes dizzy.
• Heart beat faster.
• Less passionate.

Cause

• Iron deficiency occurs so that the cell size reduction of red blood cells (microcytic). That caused the low content of hemoglobin (hypochromic) and the reduced number of red blood cells.
• And folic acid deficiency or vitamin Bn. Both substances are needed in the formation of nucleoprotein to the maturation process of red blood cells in bone marrow.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency and disorders of the digestive system along the inside. In the chronic type that can damage brain cells and abnormal fatty acids into the cell wall and its position in the neural network change. It is feared, the patient will experience a psychiatric disorder.
• Deficiency of vitamin B5 would interfere with the synthesis (formation) hemoglobin. Handling can be done by providing nutritional supplements of vitamin B6 orally at a dose of 50-200 mg / day or as recommended by a doctor of nutrition.

Prevention

• Eating foods the main source of iron, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 such as meat and vegetables according to the recommended dietary allowance.
• Conduct laboratory tests to determine the content of B12 in the blood so that it can distinguish between normal with anemia pernicious anemia. If it turns out normal levels of vitamin B12, it can be done with a dose of folic acid from 0.1 to 1.0 mg / day.
• Do blood tests regularly to see the profile of the blood and prevent anemia.

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Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea is a disorder in the female reproductive system, thus making it not menstruate regularly every month. Amenorrhea is divided into two types, namely primary and secondary amenorrhea.

In primary amenorrhea, menstruation does not occur at all. Though normally a young woman who first menstruation (menarche) at the age of 9-18 years. A young woman will be sentenced experience amenonhea primary if at the age of 16 years still has not menstruate.

The secondary amenorrheo occur in women who previously had experienced a period, but then the cycle is stopped for no reason he knows.

Signs

The menstrual cycle stopped, either directly or in stages.

Cause

• Drastic weight loss (due to poverty, poor dieting, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, a very heavy physical activity and other causes).
• Extreme obesity.
• Chronic illness sustained in a long time.
• Female genital organ abnormalities (absence of the uterus, vagina, vaginal septum, cervical stenosis, and the hymen is too thick).
• Body abnormalities such as hypoglycemia (blood sugar levels are abnormally low), hypothyroidism (thyroid gland is underactive), hyperthyroidism (thyroid glands work excessively), cystic fibrosis (a disease that is derived or inherited from the glands of mucus and sweat), or Cushing's disease (excessive levels of corticosteroid).
• Women who have had polycystic ovarian disease disorders have a high risk of disease Amenorrhea.
• The existence of diseases caused by chromosomal abnormalities such as Turner syndrome or Sawyer syndrome.
• Levels of prolactin hormone in the body is high (hyperprolactinaemia).
• Pregnancy.
• Stress.
• The imbalance of the female reproductive hormone system mechanisms.

Prevention

• If amenorrhea occurs because of congenital diseases and syndromes such as Turner syndrome or Sawyer because of abnormalities in genital organs, the disease is not preventable.
• Keeping the weight balance that is not too fat (obese) or too thin.
• Doing a good healthy lifestyle by eating healthy foods, exercise regularly, and live happily.
• Stay away from the stressor.

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Hemorrhoid

Hemorrhoid is the swelling of the anus walls occur either outside or inside the anus. As early detection, to the outer wall of the anus can we hold. For the inside of the anus, we can touch it by inserting a finger into the anus.

Signs

• Swelling of the outer wall of the anus or the inside.
• If the bowel movement, it hurt.
• Initially it started with difficulty defecating.

Cause

• Hereditary factors. Child who was born of parents who suffer from hemorrhoid is more prone to constipation than those without.
• Consume less fruits and fibrous foods.
• Many eating spicy foods.
• Too much sitting.
• Lack of exercise.

Prevention

• Eating lots of fibrous foods, like fruits and vegetables to facilitate defecation.
• Reduce consumption of fatty foods or too spicy.
• Drink plenty of water to facilitate the movement of food in the intestine.
• Doing regular physical activity can also facilitate the movement of the intestines, so that helps in smooth bowel movements.

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Alzheimer's

Alzheimer's is the type of disease that makes the human brain power decreases, until one tingkattertentu will make a person lose the ability to think clearly and control anything about done.

Alzheimer's is common in elderly people. Alzheimer's is a disease that causes dementia sufferers experience. There are various things yangmenyebabkan occurrence of dementia, but still not clearly articulated the causes of Alzheimer's or dementia in the elderly this.

Signs

• Memory loss or quickly forgotten.
• Loss of ability to communicate.
• Loss of ability or physical capabilities.

Cause

• High levels of aluminum in brain tissue.
• High levels of copper, iron, and zinc in brain tissue. Metal elements are assumed as a catalyst (substance reaction accelerator) that accelerates the occurrence of this disease because it increases oxidative stress in cells.
• By accumulation of metabolic waste, in the form of free radicals produced by brain cells in the brain cells themselves, may interfere with energy production so that production was declining. In addition, free radicals generated by cells can also attack nerve cells that make communication capabilities to be reduced. In the brain vulnerable, blow free radicals can destroy the nerve and lead to dementia.
• There is one hypothesis that dementia has been linked either directly or with hyperhomocysteinaemia in the elderly. Hiperhomosfsteinemia is excess levels of homocysteine ​​in the blood. Hyperhomocysteinaemia is associated with low concentrations of folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6.
• As we know that carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are nutritional components that act as brain food. However, optimization of the role of vitamins and minerals necessary ditunjangdengan that serves to optimize the metabolism of these nutritional components. While we also understand that the process of aging is also associated with a decreased ability of the digestibility.
• Lack of exercise and train the brain.

Prevention

• Eat lots of vegetables and fruits rich in antioxidants.
• Regular exercise.
• Many train the brain by reading, thinking, or other brain activity.
• Socializing with how to form or join a group.
• Many eat fish that contain omega 3 and omega 6.
• Avoiding the bad fats, saturated fats, or fast food high in fat and sodium.
• Keeping the weight balance.

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Allergy

Allergies are the clinical symptoms include itching, skin redness, small spots evenly distributed throughout the body, or bump-bump wide with a surface higher than the surrounding skin, which arise after a person eating food or touching something with a particular ingredient.

Allergies can be caused by food and also a variety of substances other causes such as weather, dust, and so on. Allergies caused by food or other cause can spur the immune system to fight it and produce histomin (amine type compounds are involved in local immune responses, other than that these compounds also play a role in the regulation of physiological functions in the stomach and as a neurotransmitter) and other chemicals in in the body.

This is what eventually led to the rejection of the body, a runny nose, itchy eyes, dry throat, itching and redness of the skin rash, nausea, and diarrhea.


Signs

• Itchy skin, itching either mild or severe in degree. In addition to itching, skin also have eczema, rash, redness, or biduran.
• Thickened lips, face and other body parts appear swollen.
• Sneezing, difficulty breathing, and runny nose.
• Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
• Headaches and dizzy eye.
• Fast heart rate, shock, severe blood pressure drop, and loss of consciousness.

Cause

• Allergens in each person is different, but the reaction caused by allergies are relatively the same. The following are some causes of allergies.
• Of food. Usually foods that can cause allergies are foods that contain high protein, such as cow's milk, egg whites, peanuts, wheat, soybeans, fish, corn, beans, shrimp, squid, shellfish, and others.
• Dust and animal dander.
• Cold or hot.
• Formalin.
• Pollen.
• Mushroom.
• Certain drugs.

Prevention

• For allergies that are congenital or hereditary usually can not be prevented.
• For allergies to common causes, such as dust or food, can be prevented to stay away from allergens.
• Using masks for those who are allergic to dust or pollen.
• Maintain cleanliness of residence, home or office.
• Strengthen our immune system by eating lots of foods that are high berantioksidan, such as vegetables and fruits.

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