Anemia is known to the public as less blood disease. The disease is experienced by vulnerable children, pregnant women, women, and workers in general. There are two types of anemia are known so far is anemic and non-nutrient malnutrition.
Anemia is a state of nutritional anemia due to deficiency of nutrients required for the formation and the production of red blood cells, both the quality and quantity.
Nutritional anemia itself there are several kinds, namely:
- Iron nutritional anemia, occurs due to insufficient supply of iron (Fe). Iron is the core of the hemoglobin molecule which is a major element in red blood cells. Thus, the supply shortage of iron can lead to decreased production of hemoglobin.
- Nutritional anemia of vitamin E, vitamin E is an essential factor for red blood cell integrity. Vitamin E deficiency can lead to the integrity of red blood cell walls become weak and not normal so it is very sensitive to hemolysis (rupture of red blood cells)
- Nutritional anemia folic acid, often referred to as megaloblastic or macrocytic anemia. In this case the state of red blood cells the patient is not normally characterized by larger ones, are few, and not yet mature.
- Nutritional anemia or vitamin B12 is also called pernicious. Symptoms are similar to symptoms of anemia folic acid, but is accompanied by disturbances in the digestive system inside.
- Nutritional anemia or vitamin B6 also called siderotic. The situation is similar to iron nutritional anemia, but if the blood were tested in the laboratory, normal serum iron.
Non-nutritional anemia can occur due to bleeding, such as injuries due to accidents, menstruation, or blood diseases like thalassemia genetic (DNA damage), hemophilia (blood clotting disorder), and others.
Signs
- Experiencing 4 L (weak, lethargic, tired, and tired).
- Pale face.
- Limbs such as hands and feet feel numb.
- Eyes dizzy.
- Heart beat faster.
- Less passionate.
Cause
- Iron deficiency occurs so that the cell size reduction of red blood cells (microcytic). That caused the low content of hemoglobin (hypochromic) and the reduced number of red blood cells.
- And folic acid deficiency or vitamin Bn. Both substances are needed in the formation of nucleoprotein to the maturation process of red blood cells in bone marrow.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency and disorders of the digestive system along the inside. In the chronic type that can damage brain cells and abnormal fatty acids into the cell wall and its position in the neural network change. It is feared, the patient will experience a psychiatric disorder.
- Deficiency of vitamin B5 would interfere with the synthesis (formation) hemoglobin. Handling can be done by providing nutritional supplements of vitamin B6 orally at a dose of 50-200 mg / day or as recommended by a doctor of nutrition.
Prevention
- Eating foods the main source of iron, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 such as meat and vegetables according to the recommended dietary allowance.
- Conduct laboratory tests to determine the content of B12 in the blood so that it can distinguish between normal with anemia pernicious anemia. If it turns out normal levels of vitamin B12, it can be done with a dose of folic acid from 0.1 to 1.0 mg / day.
- Do blood tests regularly to see the profile of the blood and prevent anemia.
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